Ввод электричества в деревянный дом своими руками: Особенности ввода электричества в деревянный дом

Как сделать ввод электричества в частный дом своими руками

Подключение частной постройки к электрической сети требует соблюдения ряда правил безопасности, а инженерные коммуникации необходимо согласовать с контролирующими органами. С особыми предосторожностями нужно осуществлять ввод электричества в деревянный дом: чтобы избежать несчастных ситуаций, проводку изолируют. Обычные материалы и методы для этого не подойдут, ведь провода не должны соприкасаться с деревянными конструкциями. Также сложности могут возникнуть на этапе, когда понадобится протянуть провод для ввода электричества в дом и подключить его к распределительному щиту.

Подготовка к работам по созданию разводки

Административно-правовое регулирование

Перед началом работ необходимо разобраться с административно-правовыми вопросами. Требуется подготовить проект обустройства проводки и согласовать его в местном Энергосбыте или управляющей компании. Проект предоставляется вместе с предпроектной разработкой.

Важно! За неправильный ввод электричества в дом предусмотрен штраф, налагаемый на собственника недвижимости. Кроме того, разводку придется переделать за свой счет.

Проектом энергоснабжения называют техническую документацию, где, кроме схемы электропроводки, содержатся информация о планах разводки кабелей, размещении осветительных приборов и электрооборудования, характеристики применяемых материалов. В технических условиях имеется требование соблюдать правила ввода электричества в деревянный дом, а также согласовать проект во всех перечисленных в документе инстанциях.

Выбор кабеля

Чтобы подготовить проект, необходимо заранее определиться с сечением вводного провода, которое напрямую зависит от нагрузки. Сначала надо высчитать суммарную мощность всех установленных в дому электроприборов с учетом специальных нагрузок, возникающих при запуске электродвигателей. Полученное числовое значение умножают на коэффициент спроса, чтобы ввод электричества в частный дом соответствовал потребностям домохозяйства.

Чтобы определить ток, нужно разделить суммарную мощность приборов на220 – напряжение сети. Зная ток, несложно выбрать провод с подходящим сечением, если воспользоваться справочными материалами о длительно допустимых токах кабеле.

Ввод электрического провода в постройку

Способы подключения недвижимости к сети

Перед тем как сделать ввод электричества в деревянный дом надо определиться со способом прокладки провода. Есть три варианта:

• подключение с помощью провода по воздуху;

• подключение с помощью кабеля по воздуху;

• подключение с помощью подземного кабеля.

Первые два способа технически друг от друга практически не отличаются, разве что кабель имеет лучшую защитную оболочку. Для того чтобы реализовать ввод электричества в дом со столба, лучше приобрести провод СИП. При прокладке подземных кабелей используется продукция ВБШв, имеющая повышенную степень защиты от механических повреждений.

Подключение жилища к сети с помощью воздушных линий – наиболее простой способ, с точки зрения технической реализации. Однако нависающие кабели портят эстетичный вид прилегающего участка, а если слабо закреплены – могут не выдержать капризов погоды. Подземная проводка лучше защищена от обрыва и обладает отличной пожароустойчивостью, однако стоит дороже, поскольку заключать кабель нужно в бронированную оболочку.

Монтаж навесных проводов

Как правило, ввод электричества в дом проводом СИП предполагает использование кабеля сечением 16 квадратных миллиметров, поскольку меньше не разрешается, а проводка с большим значением сечения разработана для промышленных объектов и в быту не пригодится. Количество жил на проводе зависит от того, сколько предусмотрено фаз: две жилы для однофазной сети и четыре – для трехфазной.

Обустройство ответвления от магистральной линии выполняется с применением прокалывающих зажимов. Число зажимов определяется количеством жил провода. На наружной стене монтаж ввода электричества в дом осуществляется при помощи анкерного зажима с кронштейном. Чтобы кабель не соприкасался с древесиной, его прокладывают в гофротрубе или пластиковом коробе.

Важно! В соответствии с техническими стандартами длина пролета навесного провода не должна превышать 25 метров. Если расстояние между зданием и линий электропередач больше этого значения, то устанавливается дополнительная опора.

Прокладывание подземного кабеля

Если запланирован ввод электричества в дом под землей, позаботиться о прокладке кабеля нужно еще на этапе строительства, а именно наметить в фундаменте место его проникновения внутрь здания. При желании проводку можно вывести на стену или на столб, от которого она будет крепиться к стене с использованием анкерного зажима.

Важно! Кабель, висящий между столбом и домом, нужно усилить тросом. В отличие от СИП, он не сможет выдержать свой вес. Трос крепится на рым-болт. Кроме того, ту часть проводки, что выходит из-под земли, необходимо защитить от механических повреждений металлической трубой.

Глубина залегания кабеля под землей составляет 0,7 метра. По всей длине проводка должна иметь ощутимую слабину. В месте прохождения через стену прогиб кабеля должен быть ниже сквозного отверстия, чтобы внутрь здания не проникла влага. Вопрос о том, как сделать ввод электричества в дом по кабелю, выходящему из-под земли и прикрепленному к стене, решается просто: коммутирование проводки осуществляется на рубильник в щите или на вводной автомат.

Разводка провода внутри сооружения

В деревянных постройках всегда монтируется проводка открытого типа. Это делается в целях обеспечения пожарной безопасности. Необходимо максимально изолировать и защитить провода от грызунов, случайных механических повреждений, контакта с влагой и древесной пылью. Наилучший способ – использовать для прокладки провода металлические трубы. Желательно, чтобы схема ввода электричества в жилой дом сразу же предусматривала разводку проводов внутри труб, а не пластиковых коробов.

 

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90000 Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics by Stan Gibilisco 90001 Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics by Stan Gibilisco is a self-teaching guide that covers a great deal of material. The author suggests taking it in at about a chapter every week or so. A lot of this material is a review to me, so I can go through it slightly faster. However, once it got to things I am not as familiar with I did have to slow down a bit. 90002 First off though, this book does contain stuff that might be dangerous if you mess with it.Electricity is deadly if misused. It only tak 90003 Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics by Stan Gibilisco is a self-teaching guide that covers a great deal of material. The author suggests taking it in at about a chapter every week or so. A lot of this material is a review to me, so I can go through it slightly faster. However, once it got to things I am not as familiar with I did have to slow down a bit. 90002 First off though, this book does contain stuff that might be dangerous if you mess with it.Electricity is deadly if misused. It only takes about 200 milliamps of current across your heart to kill you, so keep that in mind. 90003 90002 The book starts out with the basics of electricity. What is it? Where does it come from? What are atoms? Other questions of this nature are covered pretty heavily. It builds on itself as most educational books do. All of the drawings and illustrations are quite illuminating and easy to understand. Moreover, the book contains quiz questions at the end of each chapter to test your understanding of the subject covered.90003 90002 The book gets into the more exciting parts pretty quickly, but it does have to cover meters and other methods to measure electrical and electronic phenomena. The book really takes off when it gets into Ohm’s Law and Circuit Schematics. Ohm’s Law hardly needs any introduction to the initiated. It’s such a fundamental equation to circuit analysis that to do anything without it would be like running a marathon without legs or typing without hands. It looks a bit different to me since it uses an «E» for the voltage rather than a «V» but that is not a significant difference.So it comes across as E = I * R. Anything you want to know about the circuit can be figured out from this equation. So, the section on Circuit Analysis uses Ohm’s Law and tells us how to combine resistances. For resistances in series you just add. For resistances in parallel, you add the reciprocals. It is as simple as that. Finally, it adds in Kirchhoff’s Laws into the mix of tools and you can do a lot of things. 90003 90002 Anyway, the book starts out with Direct Current Circuits and Components.It moves on to Alternating Current and Components. Electronics is covered in the third part with Semiconductors and Transformers and stuff. The final part is focused on Specialized Devices and Systems. 90003 90002 So once you get into Alternating Current, it introduces Imaginary Numbers and other mathematical things that did not have applications at first. Of course, there is also the application of trigonometry and pi and those things are pretty useful. So there’s a ton of new ideas in AC that is not covered in DC.Phases, Root Mean Square, Amplitude, and frequency; all of that is covered. It even talks about something I never knew, namely that DC travels more efficiently at extremely high voltages. I just thought it was favored because it was safer on Edison’s end. 90003 90002 On another note, it also talks about computers and the internet. It is not the main focus of the book, so I am fine with it being put into one chapter, but I do not really know why this stuff was put in at all. I mean, if I wanted to know about that I would have gotten a book focused on that in particular.90003 90002 Aside from the book being really awesome, the cover just strikes me as unusual. Why is there ice cream on the cover? I do not really understand that particular detail. It also has the electronic components on it as well, so I suppose that is fine, but I just can not wrap my head around that. All in all, this book is really good for a refresher or if you are learning on your own. 90003.90000 Three ways Africans are making cheap do-it-yourself electricity 90001 90002 Across Africa, simple carbon-free technologies and local creative partnerships have the electrical juices flowing, expanding grid access and prosperity. 90003 90002 In countries like Kenya and Tanzania, 80 to 90 percent of the population lacks access to electricity from an established grid, according to Fast Company. Although electric grids exist in most urban areas, connecting to them and paying monthly bills is too expensive for most residents.And in rural areas, access is even rarer. 90003 90002 For the 580 million people without grid access on the continent, that means resorting to kerosene lamps that harm health and the environment for meager amounts of light, and walking long distances for simple tasks like charging mobile phones. And as mobile technology use skyrockets in Africa, it’s increasingly recognized as an important anti-poverty tool. Being off the grid not only keeps people in the dark. It also keeps people poor. 90003 90002 90009 IN PICTURES 90010: Solar power: Harnessing the sun’s energy 90003 90002 But three innovative approaches aim to brighten the future by expanding affordable grid access and harnessing renewable energy sources with minimal carbon emissions: 90003 90002 90009 1.Turbines from scrap give new meaning to «local power.» 90010 A Kenyan company is finding power in scrapyards. While solar energy is abundant in Africa, and solar panels are generally cheaper than wind turbines, Kenya-based Access: energy is making wind power work in rural regions. Its trick? Funded by NGOs, donors, and consumers, Access: energy teaches locals to build reliable turbines using existing scrap metal and car parts already present in communities. 90003 90002 That means no need to import or transport materials, and it creates design and manufacturing jobs in rural communities.Turbines are built where they are needed, minimizing the cost of tapping into existing electric grids or transporting solar panels over long distances. And replacement parts, when needed, are easily accessible. 90003 90002 For the 30 million Kenyans lacking electricity, Access: energy believes «the easiest way to get that power to residents is to teach them to make it,» according to Fast Company. So the organization is training local technicians to build the Night Heron turbine. One turbine can cheaply power up to 50 rural homes.90003 90002 With fully local sourcing, Access: energy says it has created «the first commercially viable zero-import wind turbine,» while creating jobs, reducing waste, and increasing off-the-grid energy. 90003 90002 90009 2. Solar partnership aims to brighten the future of R & D. 90010 Despite abundant sunshine on the energy-starved continent, a lack of funding and coordination has slowed African solar research to a crawl. But a new research-oriented network that now includes close to 200 scientists from 22 African and 10 non-African nations hopes to build the connections to turn that around.90003 90002 ANSOLE (the African Network for Solar Energy) launched following a 2010 conference in Tunisia when scientist Daniel Egbe of Cameroon introduced unacquainted colleagues working on solar energy research in different African countries. «I said, ‘let’s see if us Africans can sit down and work together’,» Egbe told the Science and Development Network. «We realised that we are working in related fields of solar energy, and that’s how ANSOLE materialised.» 90003 90002 According to Mammo Muchie, founding editor of the 90031 African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Development, 90032 «solar power will become the major renewable energy source on the continent only by organised research, training, design, and engineering.»90003 90002 That’s where ANSOLE comes in. «Connecting researchers is key, especially in a field where the continent’s scientists have little interaction with those in richer countries, a continent which is expensive and time-consuming to traverse,» according to the Science and Development network. The ANSOLE website now allows scientists to start new collaborations online, join together on funding proposals, and offers webinars at African universities. 90003 90002 «ANSOLE can help the movement of students from one country to the other, from poor countries to rich countries — in this way information will start to circulate between institutions,» Egbe says.90003 90002 90009 3. «Netflix for batteries» delivers power where it’s needed. 90010 Sometimes, the cheapest way to get electricity into a home is to carry it. Tanzanian entrepreneur Solomon Faraji of EGG-energy has worked with co-founder Jamie Yeng to develop a low-cost subscription service for small, rechargeable batteries to provide electricity for individual homes and businesses. 90003 90002 «We want to move power in an inexpensive way from the grid and into homes and businesses,» Yeng told the BBC.And the subscription service is inexpensive, costing around $ 80 for the initial installation and $ 60 for a yearly subscription, compared to between $ 400 and $ 800 to be connected to the existing grid. The installation includes wiring a home or business for full power access, and then allows the occupants to buy the subscription for the battery, which connects directly to the newly wired power system. 90009 90010 90003 90002 EGG, like Netflix, enables customers to exchange a drained battery for a fully charged one at charging and distribution stations as its charge runs out after three to 10 days.Then, returned batteries are recharged and re-distributed to other subscribers. 90003 90002 Two of the three existing EGG charging stations are connected to existing grid transmission lines, while the other is solar-powered. While the company hopes to increase the number of solar charging stations, using existing transmission networks allows EGG to «bridge that last-mile gap» between the grid and disconnected homes and businesses, according to the BBC. 90003 90002 And for a fraction of the cost of traditional grid access, this Netflix-like battery-sharing system is helping more people with limited connectivity see the light.90003 90002 Get the Monitor Stories you care about delivered to your inbox. 90003 90002 90031 • This article originally appeared at Global Envision, a blog published by Mercy Corps. 90032 90003 90002 90009 • Sign up to receive a weekly selection of practical and inspiring Change Agent articles by clicking here. 90010 90003 .90000 Electricity | Electric Currents and Circuits | How Electricity is Produed and Transported 90001 90002 90003 90002 Everything is made up of atoms. Each one of them has three 90005 particles 90006: protons, neutrons and electrons. Electrons 90005 spin 90006 around the centre of an atom. They have a negative 90005 charge 90006. Protons, which are in the centre of atoms, have a positive 90005 charge 90006. 90003 90002 Normally, an atom has as many protons as it has electrons.It is stable or 90005 balanced 90006. 90005 Carbon 90006, for example has six protons and six electrons. 90003 90002 90005 Scientists 90006 can make electrons travel from one atom to another. An atom that loses electrons is positively charged, an atom that gets more electrons is negatively charged. 90003 90002 90003 90002 Electricity is created when electrons move between atoms. Positive atoms look for free negative electrons and 90005 attract 90006 them, so that they can be 90005 balanced 90006.90003 90002 90003 90002 90005 90006 90003 90038 Conductors and Insulators 90039 90002 Electricity can 90005 pass through 90006 some objects better than through others. Conductors are materials through which electrons can travel more freely. 90005 Copper 90006, aluminium, 90005 steel 90006 and other metals are good conductors. So are some 90005 liquids 90006 like saltwater. 90003 90002 Insulators are materials in which electrons can not move around. They stay 90005 in place 90006.Glass, rubber, plastic or dry wood are good insulators. They are important for your 90005 safety 90006, because without them, you could not touch a hot 90005 pan 90006 or 90005 plug in 90006 a TV set. 90003 90060 90061 90002 90003 90038 Electric Current 90039 90002 When electrons move through a conductor an electric 90005 current 90006 is created. A current that always 90005 flows 90006 in one direction is called a direct current (DC). A battery for example, produces a direct current.A current that flows back 90005 and forth 90006 is called an alternating current (AC). 90003 90060 90061 90038 Electric Circuits 90039 90002 Electrons can not jump freely through the air to a positively charged atom. They need a 90005 circuit 90006 to move. When a 90005 source 90006 of energy, like a battery, is connected to a 90005 light bulb 90006 the electrons can move from the battery to the light bulb and back again. We call this an electric 90005 circuit 90006.90003 90002 Sometimes there are many circuits in an electrical 90005 device 90006 that make it work. A TV set or a computer may have millions of parts that are 90005 connected 90006 to each other in different ways. 90003 90002 You can stop the 90005 current 90006 from flowing by putting a 90005 switch 90006 into the circuit. You can open the 90005 circuit 90006 and stop electrons from moving. 90003 90002 A piece of metal or 90005 wire 90006 can also be used to produce heat.When an electrical 90005 current passes 90006 through such metal it can be slowed down by 90005 resistance 90006. This causes 90005 friction 90006 and makes the wires hot. That’s why you can toast your bread in a toaster or dry your hair with warm air from a hairdryer. 90003 90002 In some cases wires can become too hot if too many electrons flow through them. Special 90005 switches 90006, called 90005 fuses, 90006 protect the 90005 wiring 90006 in many buildings. 90003 90002 90003 90038 Kinds of electricity 90039 90124 90125 90124 90005 Static electricity 90006 90125 90130 90131 happens when there is a 90005 build-up 90006 of electrons 90134 90131 it stays in one place and then jumps to an object 90134 90131 it does not need a 90005 closed circuit 90006 to flow 90134 90131 it is the kind of electricity you feel when you rub your pullover against an object or when you 90005 drag 90006 your feet over a carpet.90134 90131 90005 lightning 90006 is a form of static electricity 90134 90149 90002 90003 90124 90005 Current electricity 90006 90125 90130 90131 happens when electrons flow freely between objects 90134 90131 it needs a conductor-something in which it can flow, like a wire. 90134 90131 current electricity needs a 90005 closed circuit 90006 90134 90131 it is in many electrical 90005 appliances 90006 in our homes — toasters, TV sets, computers.90134 90131 a battery is a form of current electricity 90134 90149 90002 90003 90038 How batteries work 90039 90002 A battery has 90005 liquid 90006 or 90005 paste 90006 in it that helps it produce electric 90005 charges 90006. The flat end of the battery has a negative 90005 charge 90006 and the end with the 90005 bump 90006 has a positive charge. 90003 90002 When you link a 90005 wire 90006 between both ends a 90005 current 90006 flows.When the current passes through a 90005 light bulb 90006 electric energy is 90005 converted 90006 into light. 90003 90002 The chemicals in the battery 90005 keep 90006 the ends charged and the battery going. As times passes, the chemical becomes weaker and weaker and the battery can not produce any more energy. 90003 90002 90003 90038 How electricity is produced 90039 90002 Generators are used to 90005 transform 90006 mechanical energy into electrical energy.A magnet 90005 rotates 90006 inside a 90005 coil 90006 of 90005 wire 90006. When the magnet moves, an electric current is produced in the wire. 90003 90002 Most power stations use 90005 turbines 90006 to make the generator rotate. Water is heated to make 90005 steam 90006, which pushes the 90005 blades 90006 of the turbine. Gas, oil or coal can be used to heat the water. Some countries build power stations on rivers, where the moving water pushes the turbine 90005 blades 90006.90003 90002 90003 90038 How electricity is measured 90039 90002 Electricity is 90005 measured 90006 in watts, named after James Watt who invented the 90005 steam engine 90006. It would take about 750 watts to 90005 equal 90006 one horsepower. 90003 90002 A kilowatt-hour is the energy of 1,000 watts that work for one hour. If, for example, you use a 100-watt light bulb for 10 hours you have used 1 kilowatt of electricity. 90003 90002 90003 90038 How electricity is transported 90039 90002 The electricity produced by a generator travels along cables to a 90005 transformer 90006 that changes the 90005 voltage 90006 of electricity.90005 Power lines 90006 carry the 90005 high-voltage 90006 electricity over very long distances. When it reaches your home town another 90005 transformer 90006 lowers the voltage and smaller 90005 power lines 90006 bring it to homes, offices and factories. 90003 90002 90003 90260 90003 90260 90003 90260 90003 90038 Electrical safety 90039 90002 90003 90002 It is important to understand why and how you can protect yourself from electrical 90005 injuries 90006.90003 90002 Electric shock 90005 occurs 90006 when an electric 90005 current 90006 passes through your body. It can lead to 90005 heart failure 90006 and can damage other parts of your body. It can also burn your skin and other body 90005 tissues 90006. 90003 90002 A very weak electrical object, like a battery, can not do any harm to you, but inside the house you have 90005 devices 90006 and machines that use 220 volts. 90003 90002 Most machines in your house have 90005 safety features 90006 to protect you.It something goes wrong, a special wire leads the electricity to the ground where nothing can happen. 90003 90002 There are also electrical dangers outside your house. Trees that touch 90005 power lines 90006 can be dangerous. Lightning has more than enough electricity to kill a person. If you get caught in a thunderstorm stay away from open fields and high places. One of the safest places is your car, because lightning will only hit the outside metal of the car. 90003 90002 90003 90038 90299 Downloadable PDF Text- and Worksheets 90039 90002 90003 90038 90299 Related Topics 90039 90038 Words 90039 90130 90131 90005 appliance 90006 = an electrical machine that you normally use in the house, like a cooker or a washing machine 90134 90131 90005 attract 90006 = pull towards an object 90134 90131 90005 back and forth 90006 = to go in one direction and then in the other 90134 90131 90005 balanced 90006 = the same as stable 90324 90134 90131 90005 blade 90006 = a flat part of an object that pushes against water 90324 90134 90131 90005 build-up 90006 = increase 90134 90131 90005 bump 90006 = a small area that is higher than the rest 90134 90131 90005 carbon 90006 = a chemical material that is in coal or petrol.It is in its purest form in diamonds 90134 90131 90005 charge 90006 = the electricity that is put into an object, like a battery, to give it power 90134 90131 90005 circuit 90006 = the complete circle that an electric current travels 90134 90131 90005 coil 90006 = a wire that goes around an object in a circle and produces light or heat when electricity passes through 90134 90131 90005 connect 90006 = join 90134 90131 90005 convert 90006 = change 90134 90131 90005 copper 90006 = a soft red and brown metal that lets electricity and heat pass through easily 90134 90131 90005 cord 90006 = cable 90134 90131 90005 current 90006 = a flow of electricity through a piece of metal 90134 90131 90005 current 90006 = a flow of electricity through a piece of metal 90134 90131 90005 decrease 90006 = to become smaller 90134 90131 90005 device 90006 = machine or a tool that does something special 90134 90131 90005 distribution lines 90006 = wires or cables that transport electricity 90134 90131 90005 drag 90006 = pull 90134 90131 90005 equal 90006 = the same as 90134 90131 90005 flow 90006 = to move 90134 90131 90005 friction 90006 = when you rub something against something else it gets hot 90134 90131 90005 fuse 90006 = a short piece of wire inside a machine which stops the electricity when there is too much power 90324 90134 90131 90005 heart failure 90006 = when your heart stops beating 90134 90131 90005 high voltage 90006 = a high electrical force 90134 90131 90005 in place 90006 = where they are 90134 90131 90005 increase 90006 = to become bigger 90134 90131 90005 injury 90006 = if you hurt yourself 90134 90131 90005 keep 90006 = remain, stay 90134 90131 90005 light bulb 90006 = a glass object that is inside a lamp.It produces light 90134 90131 90005 lightning 90006 = a powerful flash of light in the sky, during a thunderstorm 90324 90134 90131 90005 liquid 90006 = fluid, watery object 90134 90131 90005 measured 90006 = the unit of something 90134 90131 90005 occur 90006 = happen 90134 90131 90005 pan 90006 = a round metal container that you use for cooking 90134 90131 90005 particle 90006 = a very small part of an atom 90134 90131 90005 pass through 90006 = go through 90134 90131 90005 paste 90006 = sticky Stuff, like glue 90134 90131 90005 plug in 90006 = to connect an electrical object to the electricity supply of a house 90134 90131 90005 power line 90006 = a large wire that carries electricity above or under the ground 90134 90131 90005 resistance 90006 = material that stops electricity going through it 90134 90131 90005 rotate 90006 = to go around 90134 90131 90005 safety 90006 = security, protection 90134 90131 90005 safety feature 90006 = things in machines or electric objects that protect you from being hurt 90134 90131 90005 scientist 90006 = a person who is trained in science 90324 90134 90131 90005 socket 90006 = a place in a wall where you can connect an electrical object to the main supply of electricity 90324 90134 90131 90005 source 90006 = the place you get something from 90134 90131 90005 spin 90006 = to turn around something very quickly 90134 90131 90005 steam 90006 = the white gas that water produces when you make it hot 90134 90131 90005 steam engine 90006 = an engine or motor that works with steam power 90134 90131 90005 steel 90006 = a strong metal that can be formed 90134 90131 90005 switch 90006 = an object that starts or stops the flow of electricity when you press it 90134 90131 90005 tissue 90006 = the material that forms animal or plant cells 90134 90131 90005 transform 90006 = change 90134 90131 90005 transformer 90006 = a machine that changes electricity from one voltage to another 90134 90131 90005 turbine 90006 = a motor that moves a special wheel around 90134 90131 90005 voltage 90006 = an electrical force measured in volts 90134 90131 90005 wire 90006 = a very thin piece of metal in which electricity can pass through 90134 90131 90005 wiring 90006 = the network of wires in a house or building 90134 90149 90002 90003 90002 90003 .90000 Other Computer Parts | HowStuffWorks 90001 90002 So what else is inside your computer? We can divide up the guts of a computer into five categories: 90003 90004 90005 Power supplies and batteries 90006 90005 Drives 90006 90005 Modems and Wi-Fi cards 90006 90005 Sound and graphics cards 90006 90005 Cooling systems 90006 90015 90002 The 90017 power supply 90018 component provides a supply of electricity throughout the rest of the computer.When you plug your computer into a power socket, electricity flows from the cord into a shielded box containing a 90017 transformer 90018. The transformer’s job is to convert the incoming electricity into the proper voltage for each part of the machine that needs electricity. If you’re using a laptop, some of that power goes to the laptop’s battery to charge it. When unplugged, a laptop has to rely on the charge inside the battery for its power needs. 90003 90002 Computers have a small battery inside them that’s always on, even when you power down the rest of the computer.This battery helps preserve data stored in a special chip in charge of maintaining information about your computer’s hardware. It also powers a clock, which is why your computer should keep time accurately even if you turn it off or unplug it. 90003 90002 The 90017 drives 90018 in a computer are the devices that let you store and recall data and applications. Most computers have a 90017 hard drive 90018 — either a series of thin 90017 platters 90018 that store information using magnetic recordings or a 90017 solid state 90018 flash hard drive with no moving parts.In either case, the hard drive allows you to store information and applications directly to your computer. 90003 90002 Older computers used 90017 floppy disk drives 90018. Newer computers have optical storage drives like 90017 CD-ROM 90018 or 90017 DVD-ROM 90018 drives. These drives allow you to use media storage devices like compact discs or DVDs with your computer. 90003 90002 90017 Modems 90018 are machines that let computers communicate with other computing systems.Modems are closely related to 90017 wireless cards 90018, which are radio transceivers that can send and receive data through a specific frequency of radio waves. 90003 90002 90017 Sound 90018 and 90017 graphics cards 90018 are pretty self-explanatory. They give your computer the ability to display graphics or play sounds and music. Not all cards are the same — some support more software formats than others. Graphics cards in particular come in a wide variety of specs. 90003 90002 90017 Cooling systems 90018 typically include 90017 heat sinks 90018 and 90017 fans 90018.Overheating can be a serious problem with computers, causing performance to suffer to the point of a system failure in some cases. Heat sinks absorb heat and move it away from critical components. Fans give computers a way to exhaust heat externally. Some computers have more advanced liquid-cooling systems. A water-cooling system uses tubes of flowing water to absorb heat and move it away from critical components. 90003 90002 There you have it. That covers the major elements that are inside a typical computer.Now you do not have to take one apart and look at it yourself. And we get to find out if this computer will still work once we put it back together. 90003 90002 To learn more about computers and other related topics, take a look at the links below. 90003 90066 Related HowStuffWorks Articles 90067 90066 More Great Links 90067 90004 90005 Desktop Computer Reviews and Stuff Guide 90006 90005 Laptop Computer Reviews and Stuff Guide 90006 90015 90002 Sources 90003 90004 90005 «The PC Guide.»April 17, 2001. (Sept. 9, 2008) http://www.pcguide.com/ 90006 90005» PC Tech Guide. «(Sept. 10, 2008) http://www.pctechguide.com/ 90006 90005 Rosenthal, Morris. «Building a Computer — An Illustrated Step by Step Guide.» 2008. (Sept. 10, 2008) http://www.daileyint.com/build/ 90006 90005 White, Ron. «How Computers Work.» QUE Corporation. Sept. 1999. 90006 90015 .